The human retina, containing over 100 million nerve cells, serves as the initial stage of the visual system. It utilizes approximately 120 million rods and 6 million cones to detect light impulses, converting them into electrical signals. These signals travel through 1.5 million optical nerve fibers to the brain for image interpretation. The complex retinal structure consists of several layers, including the rods and cones layer, outer nuclear layer, plexiform layers, inner nuclear layer, and the ganglion cell layer, which forms the optic nerve.